Sources and methodology
This page identifies the main data sources used by Pollitic.EU and describes how they are presented in the website.
Methodology
Poll tables are retrieved from the listed Wikipedia pages through the MediaWiki API and matched with parties maintained in the Pollitic.EU database. The application uses the source tables as a starting point for visualisations, trend summaries and seat simulations. Historical data and models may be incomplete or updated after publication by the original source.
Wikipedia polling sources
The links below are the Wikipedia pages currently configured in the update service for polling data. They may change over time as the relevant elections and source pages change.
Wikipedia content is made available by its contributors under the licences and terms shown by Wikimedia. Pollitic.EU identifies the source pages so that users can verify the underlying information.
- Poland en.wikipedia.org
- Austria en.wikipedia.org
- Czechia cs.wikipedia.org
- Sweden en.wikipedia.org
- Bulgaria en.wikipedia.org
- Croatia en.wikipedia.org
- Cyprus en.wikipedia.org
- Denmark en.wikipedia.org
- Estonia en.wikipedia.org
- Finland en.wikipedia.org
- France en.wikipedia.org
- Greece en.wikipedia.org
- Spain en.wikipedia.org
- Netherlands en.wikipedia.org
- Ireland en.wikipedia.org
- Lithuania en.wikipedia.org
- Luxembourg en.wikipedia.org
- Latvia lv.wikipedia.org
- Malta en.wikipedia.org
- Germany en.wikipedia.org
- Portugal en.wikipedia.org
- Romania en.wikipedia.org
- Slovakia en.wikipedia.org
- Slovenia en.wikipedia.org
- Hungary en.wikipedia.org
- Italy en.wikipedia.org
- Belgium fr.wikipedia.org
Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES)
Party ideological profiles are based on the 2024 Chapel Hill Expert Survey and the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey data. Pollitic.EU transforms selected CHES indicators into the visual axes used in the application.
2024 CHES: Rovny, Jan et al. (2025), The 2024 Chapel Hill Expert Survey on political party positioning in Europe: Twenty-five years of party positional data, Electoral Studies 97.
2019 CHES: use and citation follow the documentation published with the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey and the CHES Trend File, 1999-2019.
Interpretation and limitations
Pollitic.EU is an informational project. Poll results, party classifications and seat simulations are not election forecasts or advice. Always consult the linked primary sources and their publication dates.